Both put a logo on a garment. They behave differently enough that the choice should follow the design and the fabric rather than habit.
How cost is structured
Screen printing charges largely by colour count, because each colour requires its own screen and pass. Embroidery charges largely by stitch count, because machine time scales with the density of the design.
Where each performs well
- Screen printing suits large graphics, flat colour and photographic effects
- Embroidery suits small marks, text and anything needing a raised texture
- Screen printing sits flat and works on lightweight fabric
- Embroidery adds weight and stiffness, which fine jersey may not carry well
Durability
Embroidery generally outlasts printing because the design is stitched into the fabric rather than sitting on it. Well cured prints last a long time, but they will eventually crack or fade with repeated washing.
Design constraints worth knowing
Fine detail and small text embroider poorly below a certain size, because thread has physical width. Gradients are difficult in screen printing without halftones. Ask for a digitised proof or a strike off before committing to a run.
Placement affects cost
Decoration applied before assembly is often cleaner and cheaper than decoration applied to a finished garment, particularly across seams. Decide placement early enough that it can be sequenced correctly.